{"id":2961,"date":"2023-03-24T23:02:43","date_gmt":"2023-03-24T22:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/"},"modified":"2023-05-21T06:24:07","modified_gmt":"2023-05-21T04:24:07","slug":"la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/","title":{"rendered":"la biodiversit\u00e9, une grande ressource"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column]<\/i><\/span>[vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb10px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb10px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]La biodiversit\u00e9<\/strong> est un mot qui est de plus en plus souvent \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour des gouvernements et des agences internationales, car la conservation de la biodiversit\u00e9 et la perte irr\u00e9m\u00e9diable de certaines esp\u00e8ces suscitent de plus en plus d\u2019inqui\u00e9tudes. Dans le cas de l\u2019olivier, il existe un r\u00e9el danger d\u2019\u00e9rosion g\u00e9n\u00e9tique en raison de la tendance croissante \u00e0 utiliser un nombre toujours plus r\u00e9duit de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb10px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb173″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb15px\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb10px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Dans ma carri\u00e8re professionnelle, j\u2019ai eu l\u2019honneur de travailler pendant 23 ans au Conseil ol\u00e9icole international (www.internationaloliveoil.org) o\u00f9 j\u2019ai assum\u00e9 le r\u00f4le de chef du D\u00e9partement recherche, d\u00e9veloppement et environnement. De nombreux projets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans les pays membres de ce prestigieux organisme intergouvernemental.<\/p>\n

L\u2019un des projets les plus importants, et peut-\u00eatre celui qui me tient le plus \u00e0 c\u0153ur, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le projet RESGEN<\/strong>\u00a0: projet pour la conservation, la caract\u00e9risation, le recueil et l\u2019utilisation des ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques de l\u2019olivier.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb15px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb965″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Oliviers dans les collines italiennes<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

LE PROJET RESGEN<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb10px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb73″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Francesco Serafini \u00e0 la COP 22 au Maroc<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_column_text]Initialement pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme une initiative conjointe de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et du Conseil ol\u00e9icole international visant \u00e0 recueillir<\/strong>, caract\u00e9riser<\/strong> et conserver<\/strong> la biodiversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l\u2019olivier dans les pays communautaires producteurs, le projet a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tendu \u00e0 d\u2019autres pays.<\/p>\n

Au total, 22 pays y ont particip\u00e9\u00a0: Albanie, Alg\u00e9rie, Argentine, Chypre, Croatie, \u00c9gypte, Espagne, France, Jordanie, Gr\u00e8ce, Iran, Isra\u00ebl, Italie, Liban, Maroc, Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro, Portugal, Syrie, Slov\u00e9nie, Tunisie, Turquie et Uruguay.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

LE QUATTRO COLLEZIONI INTERNAZIONALI<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le projet visait \u00e0 pr\u00e9server la richesse de la variabilit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des oliviers dans les collections nationales de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et dans trois collections internationales, en effectuant des prospections sur le terrain afin de r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer du mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique non encore identifi\u00e9 et d\u2019\u00e9tudier ce patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_column_text]La port\u00e9e de ce projet \u00e9tait donc tr\u00e8s ambitieuse.<\/p>\n

Vingt-deux collections de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ont \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9es dans les 22 pays participants, ainsi que trois collections internationales\u00a0: \u00e0 Cordoue<\/strong> (Espagne), \u00e0 Marrakech<\/strong> (Maroc) et \u00e0 Izmir<\/strong> (Turquie). En 2023, le Conseil ol\u00e9icole international a reconnu une quatri\u00e8me collection internationale, \u00e0 San Juan<\/strong>, en Argentine.<\/p>\n

Les pays participant au projet ont multipli\u00e9 leurs vari\u00e9t\u00e9s caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es sur le plan morphologique et les ont envoy\u00e9es aux collections internationales.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, face au changement climatique, la conservation et l\u2019\u00e9tude de la biodiversit\u00e9 de l\u2019olivier sont donc prioritaires et seront certainement l\u2019une des cl\u00e9s pour faire face au probl\u00e8me[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb15px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb2853″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]La Banque mondiale de germoplasme de Cordoue<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

L\u2019IMPORTANCE DE LA THERMOP\u00c9RIODE ET DE LA PHOTOP\u00c9RIODE<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019identification des caract\u00e9ristiques sp\u00e9cifiques qui permettent \u00e0 l\u2019olivier de r\u00e9sister aux \u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques extr\u00eames, aux variations de temp\u00e9rature et aux maladies permettra aux agriculteurs de planter des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u2019oliviers plus r\u00e9sistantes \u00e0 l\u2019avenir. Pour qu\u2019une plante se d\u00e9veloppe et surtout pour qu\u2019elle produise, il faut tenir compte de deux param\u00e8tres d\u2019une importance capitale\u00a0:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb15px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb2849″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]La Banque mondiale de germoplasme de Cordoue<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_column_text]la thermop\u00e9riode<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la variation annuelle, journali\u00e8re et ap\u00e9riodique de la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019air\u00a0; et la photop\u00e9riode<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019ensemble des processus qui permettent aux plantes de r\u00e9guler leurs fonctions biologiques en utilisant le nombre d\u2019heures de lumi\u00e8re disponibles au cours de l\u2019ann\u00e9e. L\u2019olivier est une plante merveilleuse\u00a0: il peut supporter des climats tr\u00e8s secs, comme c\u2019est le cas de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne Chemlali<\/em> qui forme la \u00ab\u00a0for\u00eat\u00a0\u00bb de Sfax, r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 la pluviom\u00e9trie moyenne ne d\u00e9passe pas 230 mm\/an. L\u2019olivier supporte aussi des climats froids avec des temp\u00e9ratures pouvant descendre jusqu\u2019\u00e0 -7 \u00baC.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_column_text]Ce patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique merveilleux et unique constitue donc une ressource incroyable,\u00a0L\u2019am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour cr\u00e9er de nouveaux g\u00e9notypes capables de relever ce \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9fi\u00a0\u00bb climatique<\/strong> est un objectif prioritaire.<\/p>\n

Il existe plus de 2\u00a0000 vari\u00e9t\u00e9s d\u2019oliviers connues qui se sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es et adapt\u00e9es aux climats les plus divers. Cependant, m\u00eame si la production mondiale d\u2019huile d\u2019olive et d\u2019olives de table est issue \u00e0 95 % de 150 vari\u00e9t\u00e9s, la connaissance et l\u2019\u00e9tude du patrimoine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l\u2019esp\u00e8ce Olea europaea<\/em> offrent des solutions qui pourront donner une continuit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019ol\u00e9iculture.[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb15px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_empty_space]<\/i><\/span>[vc_empty_space height=\u00a0\u00bb15px\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Francesco Serafini<\/strong> a travaill\u00e9 pendant 23 ans au COI en tant que chef du D\u00e9partement de recherche, d\u00e9veloppement et environnement. Il est actuellement pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019association The Garden of Peace et pr\u00e9sident honoraire de l\u2019Association \u00ab\u00a0Olivos milenarios de Andalusia\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_empty_space][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2″][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb2845″ img_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb qode_css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]Francesco Serafini<\/strong> \u00e0 la Banque mondiale de germoplasme de Cordoue<\/em>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb row_type=\u00a0\u00bbrow\u00a0\u00bb use_row_as_full_screen_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width\u00a0\u00bb angled_section=\u00a0\u00bbno\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb background_image_as_pattern=\u00a0\u00bbwithout_pattern\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3″][vc_separator type=\u00a0\u00bbnormal\u00a0\u00bb color=\u00a0\u00bb#777777″][\/vc_column][vc_column width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La biodiversit\u00e9 est un mot qui est de plus en plus souvent \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour des …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nla biodiversit\u00e9, une grande ressource - The Garden of Peace<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"la biodiversit\u00e9, une grande ressource - The Garden of Peace\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La biodiversit\u00e9 est un mot qui est de plus en plus souvent \u00e0 l\u2019ordre du jour des ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The Garden of Peace\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-03-24T22:02:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-21T04:24:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSCF0719-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"The Garden of Peace\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"The Garden of Peace\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"The Garden of Peace\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/32f5c9a1acb7fd06e9dc8be7c6635f73\"},\"headline\":\"la biodiversit\u00e9, une grande ressource\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-03-24T22:02:43+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-21T04:24:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/\"},\"wordCount\":1480,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSCF0719-scaled.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.thegardenofpeace.org\/fr\/la-biodiversita-e-il-cambio-climatico-di-francesco-serafini\/\",\"name\":\"la biodiversit\u00e9, une grande ressource - 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